Do You Exist Because You Think, or Do You Think Because You Exist, or Neither? Essay

So as to consider â€Å"I exist since I think† or †I think since I exist†, I would characterize the â€Å"I exist since I think† as â€Å"I think† is the reason for â€Å"I exist†. This infers â€Å"I think† show up before â€Å"I exist† and cause â€Å"I exist† to occur. In the opposite side, â€Å"I think since I exist† would be â€Å"I exist† is the reason for â€Å"I think†. This infers â€Å"I exist† show up before â€Å"I think† and cause â€Å"I think† to occur. Regarding rationale, I would state â€Å"I think since I exist â€Å" is increasingly suitable. It is on the grounds that I should exist first, in this manner I can think about my reality. Things about me or myself are difficult to occur before my reality and cause my reality. In the accompanying paper, I might want to clarify why â€Å"I exist since I think† is bogus and clarify â€Å"I think since I exist† is valid. Let me initially clarify why ‘I exist since I think’ is bogus. On the off chance that ‘I exist since I think’ is valid, each time when I think I exist and when I don't figure, I don't exist. As I referenced, â€Å"Think† is by all accounts the reason for my reality for this situation. In what capacity can my deduction exist before my reality and cause my reality. Along these lines, I should exist first, at that point I can consider â€Å"I exist† or not. Truth be told, each moment whatever I am cognizant or not, I am existing in this world, If my body truly is existing. For instance, an individual whose body practically works however misfortune his cognizant. He is as yet alive however he can't figure, we can't state he is inexistent, in light of the fact that he isn't dead. In other word, I can exist without â€Å"I think†, however â€Å"I think† can't be without I exist. Besides, as Descartes said â€Å"I think, accordingly I am† to demonstrate the obvious truth of self-presence. He recommended that each time when we question that â€Å"I† exist or not, we can supreme sure that â€Å"I† am existing by this demonstration. At that point he said that the abhorrent virtuoso couldn't mislead us â€Å"I exist† in light of the fact that before the shrewdness genius’s trickiness, â€Å"I† must exist first, at that point I can be beguiled here and there by the underhanded virtuoso. So â€Å"I exist† is undeniable truth. Thus, to state â€Å"I think since I exist† is valid, The principal basis is I ust exist first. Along these lines, I can consider my reality. So â€Å"I think† must base on â€Å"I exist†. Interestingly, if â€Å"I exist† depends on â€Å"I think†, this is outlandish that â€Å"I think† show up before â€Å"I exist†. By what method can my psyche a nd thinking exist conditionally? Albeit a few researchers may contend that mind wave what we call apparitions can exist after life, they might be different types of human idea â€Å"I think† showing up without â€Å"I exist†. Nonetheless, who have seen phantom in this world? In any event until today nobody can demonstrate apparitions exist in this world. So â€Å"I think† isn't the reason that I can exist. Be that as it may, â€Å"I exist† is the reason for I can think. To finish up, â€Å"I think† can't exist without â€Å"I exist†. It ought to be â€Å"I exist† first then â€Å"I think† â€Å"I exist†. As the accompanying chart appears: If it is â€Å"I exist since I think†, it would be missing I exist in any case, as beneath outline appears: Nothing can exist before itself, so before I figure, I should exist. In other word, â€Å"I exist† doesn't subject to â€Å"I think†, however â€Å"I think† do reliant on â€Å"I exist†. Along these lines, â€Å"I think since I exist† is valid.

The concept map for teaching spoken English

Publicizing We will compose a custom coursework test on The idea map for showing communicated in English explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differences between the two idea maps The main guide is a straightforward portrayal of what the instructor would include in showing communicated in English. Then again, the subsequent guide is a definite guide with unequivocal substance of all components of showing communicated in English, usage, and assessment. The principal map gives a review of the exercise and its basic ideas. After the instructor had evaluated materials for showing the communicated in English to ESL class, he built up the subsequent guide dependent on new information picked up. Along these lines, the subsequent guide gives all highlights that the instructor requires to actualize the exercise successfully. The primary guide just presents different highlights of the communicated in English. The subsequent guide gives various subtleties of what the educator should instruct in the communicated in English exercise. For example, talking abilities, elocution, and listening aptitudes are center parts of communicated in English, which are in the subsequent guide. They additionally reach out to feature explicit degrees of instructing i.e., word and sound levels.Advertising Looking for coursework on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under articulation, we can see that boring is the best methodology for vowels and consonants as featured in the principal map. Notwithstanding, the subsequent guide separates it to perspectives like voicing, spot, and way. Also, there are different components of articulation, which one can distinguish, for example, correspondence, sounds, varieties in sound creation, and other non-familiarity highlights like reiteration. It is additionally imperative to take note of that the subsequent guide has plainly recognized explicit jobs of the instructor an d understudies. One can likewise distinguish various degrees of students’ abilities like tenderfoot or rudimentary, middle of the road, and propelled levels. The subsequent guide has presented nitty gritty components of instructing. For example, we have the entire exercise, the unmistakable stage, and the incorporated stage. In the subsequent guide, the instructor can likewise distinguish appraisal subtleties of the communicated in English exercise. The subsequent guide has included arranging subtleties with the goal that the instructor can have a consistent method of training exercise substance. Along these lines, the instructor can actualize the exercise successfully without difficulties. These highlights are not in the principal map. The subsequent guide has one of a kind highlights, which interlinks the whole exercise and arranging procedures to every other action of the exercise. For example, there is an immediate bolt from the entire exercise to exercise arranging. Such bolts are additionally present in phases of exercise arranging and the job of the instructor and understudies. Moreover, there are additionally bends, which show the heading of development between exercises. They show that the exercise is bound together entire, and the instructor must follow groupings for successful usage. This shows information securing in the communicated in English exercise requires an incorporated methodology. The main guide needs pictures. In the subsequent guide, there are pictures inserted inside the exercise. For example, compelling educating of communicated in English requires the instructor and students to interact.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on The idea map for showing communicated in English explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The image distinguishes collaboration between the educator and the student in the learning forms. What's more, there is likewise an image of students occupied with pretending (understudy association) and playing so as to student voicing, spot, and others. Generally speaking, the subsequent guide is a point by point introduction of how an instructor can execute an exercise plan of the communicated in English in the ESL class. It shows intelligent successions of learning and joining techniques for showing the subsequent language and information acquisitions. A methodology of instructing English I would use later on The underlying methodology is let understudies to comprehend the significance of communicated in English in their lives. It is important for understudies to comprehend that the need to learn and apply communicated in English has expanded altogether among individuals from various pieces of the world. Understudies must comprehend that such needs emerge because of worldwide exercises like exchange, openings for work, the travel industry, further training, and voyaging or the travel industry. In this manner, individuals of various ages and nationalities need t o learn communicated in English to address such issues. Learning communicated in English will guarantee that understudies can discuss plainly with self-assurance and viably convey their messages. They should likewise comprehend that English is a worldwide language. At this examination level, (our investigation level is transitional) the instructor realizes that understudies won't have the option to learn English as kids do on the grounds that it is an unknown dialect. Given the unpredictability of showing communicated in English (see the idea maps), it is essential to stress the job of training so as to diminish impacts of the primary language on English. I will tell the understudy that they need an additional push to talk familiar and precise English. I would likewise be keen on understanding what components may ruin or persuade my understudies to learn communicated in English. Subsequently, my future methodology of training communicated in English would be an extensive methodology dependent on necessities and inspiration of students.Advertising Searching for coursework on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More My understudies are Saudi Arabia middle of the road English understudies. They have learned English in the earlier years. Be that as it may, I don't anticipate that them should show significant levels of certainty, precision, familiarity, and jargon utilizations when communicating in English. In this manner, my methodology of training communicated in English will likewise rouse students to conquer their troubles. My exercise would mirror the significance of showing abilities in tuning in, elocution, and talking. These are significant components of powerful interchanges. On this note, I would endeavor to comprehend general capacities and shortcomings of understudies in these parts of communicated in English. Herbert states that educators ought to recognize difficulties, which understudies have so as to concentrate on such difficulties when instructing (Herbert, 2002, p. 188-200). I will perceive that instructing elocution goes past sounds. Therefore, I will fuse word pressure, sound, and worry in sentences as parts of elocution for ESL students. There are likewise linkages in words, which my exercise would clarify. During my exercise, understudies would take note of the job of their primary languages and their effects on way to express English words. Be that as it may, a successful practice would guarantee that understudies gain certainty and improve their relational abilities (Hewings, 2007, p. 30). It will likewise be critical to let understudies to realize that it is ridiculous to accomplish the degree of a local speaker in English articulation. It would likewise be imperative to urge understudies to rehearse elocution at whatever point they discover a chance to permit them reduce the impact of their local language on English. Understudies will likewise get the hang of talking and listening aptitudes. Be that as it may, the decision of these aptitudes would rely upon the degree of students’ capacities (moderate). At first, I will urge my understudy to ace discrete abilities in learning communicated in English (Rost, 1990, p. 99-177). They will perceive different types of words, strong content components, and catchphrases in communicated in English. These may shape the premise of the exercise. In any case, I will acquaint understudies with interpretive procedures of tuning in which we will take part in getting discussion and talk. Understudies will take part in perusing composed messages noisily. During this procedure, I will underline the job of understudies at whatever point they are perusing writings resoundingly. For example, contemporary methodologies of encouraging listening abilities expect understudies to be dynamic members during the time spent learning. In such manner, I would urge my understudies to build up their listening abilities by utilizing different methodologies to improve, screen, and evaluate such aptitudes. In this way, my class would accentuate the job of understudies as attentive people. Doff sees that unde rstudies must get both tuning in and talking aptitudes so as to acknowledge effective discussions (Doff, 1988, p. 78-90). Generally, understudies would rehash what the educator has stated, remember a discussion or a story and give answer to drills. These were sentence-based ways to deal with accomplish capability in reiteration or drill draws near. Be that as it may, I would apply an open based way to deal with show communicated in English (Richards, 2008, p. 1-2). In this specific circumstance, I would urge my understudies to create talking aptitudes through producing thoughts and fathoming errands with the point of creating familiarity, exactness, and jargon. Hence, I would apply data hole and urge understudies to utilize communicated in English in genuine correspondences dependent on information gained already. This methodology would permit understudies to obtain aptitudes in correspondence and take part in significant exchanges, which would assist them with developing powerful o ral abilities. I will support lucidity and perception of syntax runs as Hedge notes (Hedge, 2000, p. 259). Instructing requires viable arranging of the exercise plan. As indicated by Butt, great arranging, study hall the board, and supported execution are the most ideal methods of guaranteeing successful learning (Butt, 2006, p. 65-80). As an instructor, I would ensure that I cautiously plan my exercises by arranging them as far as presentation or hotter, pre-task exercises, during assignments, and post-undertakings exercises. Hotter exercises would be valuable for getting ready understudies for dynamic cooperation in the communicated in English exercise. At the halfway level, understudies will take part in conversations, distributed exercises, s

The Devils Knot and the West Memphis Three essays

The Devil's Knot and the West Memphis Three papers One would accept that equity is found in each law and in each court, and judges and members of the jury are the ideal instruments to exhibit such reasonableness on each circumstance. In any case, not all individuals get reasonable preliminaries notwithstanding sexual orientation, race, ethnic foundation or religion as set up by the American legal framework. For instance, all through decades a large number of honest individuals have been blamed, captured, tormented, put to preliminary, and oppressed for the act of black magic and Satanism. In her book Devil's Knot: The True Story of the West Memphis Three, Mara Leveritt describes the tale of three multi year old young men that vanish on one night what's more, are discovered dead on close by stream the next day. In her book she portrays the abominations done to this children and gives an exact record of all the things found in the scene and how three adolescents are blamed for the wrongdoing. In spite of the fact that there was little proof left at the wrongdoing scene, the agents had the option to discover adequate motivations to charge the litigants The auditors and examiners carelessness is one of the variables that drives them to frame theories. For instance, in the article of the case examiner Gitchell chooses to grill the entirety of the families. When the Byers are called to affirm, Ryan ,the sibling of one of the people in question, describes the tale of what happened that night. In his portrayal of the occasions he tells the police that when his family didn't discover Christopher, they went to look for him and on that night he went to the forested areas with his companions to look for his sibling, and when he got back at 12 PM his dad had sent him to bed. Moreover, the police interviews Imprint Byers ,Christopher's stepfather. In his cross examination he gives the same subtleties that Ryan gave aside from a certain something: he told the police that when Ryan got back the two of them went to look for Christopher. The officials clearly... <!

Faith in Hinduism - Free Essay Example

Hindus say that their faith is timeless and has always existed but researchers believe Hinduism formally started somewhere between 2300 B.C. and 1500 B.C. in the Indus Valley, near modern-day Pakistan. Hinduism does not have one founder but is instead a combination of various beliefs. Around 1500 B.C., the Indo-Aryan people migrated to the Indus Valley, and their language and culture blended with the indigenous people living in the region. Because of the language barrier it is hard to decipher what really went on in this time period, but researchers came to the conclusion that this religion seems to have temple rituals and ritual bathing in the great bath found at Mohenjo-Daro. There is some evidence of animal sacrifice at Kalibangan, a number of terracotta figurines have been found, they looked like goddess images, and a seal depicting a seated figure surrounded by animals that some researchers thought to be a model of the god Shiva (Brodd, J. 2016). The period where the Vedas were calm was known as the Vedic Period and lasted from about 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C. The early Vedic religion centered on the sacrifice and sharing the sacrificial meal with each other and with the many gods (devas), (Brodd, J. 2016). The Puranic and Classic Periods took place between 500 B.C. and 500 A.D. Hindus began to enforce the worship of deities, particularly Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. Dharma was a concept, like a way of living that means law, duty, and truth which is central to Hinduism. It was conveyed in texts known as Dharma Sutras and Shastra which recognize three sources of dharma: revelation, tradition, and good custom, (Seaman, D. 2017). The idea of dharma was introduced in new texts, and other faiths, for instance Buddhism and Jainism. Later on between 1757 and 1848, the British controlled India and at first, the new rulers allowed Hindus to practice their religion without interference. However later the Christian missionaries wanted to convert the people. Many reformers emerged during the British Period, during all of this, the well-known politician and peace activist, Mahatma Gandhi, comes in leads a movement that sided for Indias independence. He influenced the religion a lot, especially his teachings on non-violence, (Seaman, D. 2017). Gandhi was assassinated in 1948 a year after India became independent. British India was split into what is now India and Pakistan, and already in this time Hinduism became the major religion of India. In the 1960s, Hindus migrated to North America and Britain, to spread the faith and philosophies to the western world. In this religion a caste system was/is handled. It is a social hierarchy in India that divides Hindus based on their karma and dharma. It is believed that the system dates back more than 3,000 years. The four main castes in order from highest to lowest is Brahmin: the intellectual and spiritual leaders, Kshatriyas: the protectors and public servants of society, Vaisyas: the skillful producers, and Shudras: the unskilled laborers, (Brodd, J. 2016). Many subcategories also exist within each caste but they all center around those main ones. There is one last one that is added but in some regions it is not recognized and those are the untouchables. They are a class of citizens that are outside the caste system and considered to be in the lowest level of the societal hierarchy. For centuries, the caste system has determined every aspect of a persons social, professional and religious status in India. When India became an independent nation, its constitution banned discrimination based on caste but the caste system is somewhat still standing even if it not intended. For example any of the old customs are overlooked, but some traditions, such as only marrying within a specific caste, are still embraced. The teaching concepts are mostly all the same what varies is the way to practice the traditions or the rituals. Also which deities they worship or recognize more than others. Brahma is believed to be the supreme God, the force present in all things, the god responsible for the creation of the world and all living things is one of the main gods. Following this are the next more recognized. The god that preserves and protects the universe is known as Vishnu. The god that destroys the universe in order to recreate it, Shiva. Devi, the goddess that fights to restore dharma. Krishna, the god of compassion, tenderness and love. Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and purity. Saraswati, the goddess of learning. (Brodd, J. 2016) Their worship, known as puja, normally takes place in the Mandir which means temple. Hinduism people can visit the Mandir any time they please as well as they can also worship at home, or like many have a special shrine dedicated to certain gods and goddesses where they c an go to. The giving of offerings is an important part of Hindu worship, its a common practice to present gifts, like flowers or oils, to a god or goddess. There are many sacred texts Hindus value instead of holding just one holy book. Around 1500 B.C the primary texts, known as the Vedas, were composed. This collection of sacred verses and hymns contain revelations received by ancient saints and elders that were written in Sanskrit. The Vedas contain of: The Rig Veda, The Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. The Hinduism people believe that the Vedas transcend all time and dont have a beginning or an end. Along with these Vedas the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, 18 Puranas, Ramayana and Mahabharata are also considered important texts in Hinduism, (Chatterjee, P. 1992). Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara, this means the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation. They also believe in karma which is the universal law of cause and effect this is the idea that peoples actions and thoughts directly defines their current life and future lives; this is considered one of the essential principles of the religion. One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is atman in other words the belief in soul. This philosophy preaches that living creatures have a soul, and theyre all part of the supreme soul. The goal is to ends the cycle of rebirths to become part of the absolute soul which you achieve through moksha, or salvation. Hindus strive to achieve dharma, which we learned is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality. The Swastika is Hinduisms symbol, which represents good luck, later it became linked with evil when Germanys Nazi Party made it their symbol. The Om is also a Hinduism symbol and it is a sacred sound and a spiritual symb ol that signifies the essence of the ultimate reality, consciousness or Atman, (Brodd, J. 2016). In conclusion Hinduism mostly is referred to as a way of life, which is why the way you practice this religion is not judged but respected just as long as you have the fundamentals, which are believed to be the best way for oneself, and if you respect the others way of practicing.

Benefits of Student Exchange - 1775 Words

| The Benefits of Student Exchange | COM100 | | Anna Steele 4001232 | 3/10/2012 | 1. Synopsis A student exchange program is designed to encourage students to live in another country for generally a full school year. This report will cover the history of exchange programs, the benefits of undertaking study abroad in terms of the personal, cultural, educational, and employment benefits. It will also outline reasons why thousands of students around the world chose to leave their home country and study abroad. The key findings in this report show the substantial advantages that come from experiencing life in a foreign country by immersion in the culture and language. The conclusions drawn in this report have been based on various†¦show more content†¦The pressure to communicate in a country where ones mother tongue is not spoken also encourages acquisition. This is a major benefit to Australian school students, because learning a second language is no longer mandatory past Year 8. The decline in student, school, parental and community value for language learning is a con tentious issue in the Australian education system, exacerbated by a number of language teachers; many schools are unable to run classes. Therefore, students willing to participate in an exchange are helping to bridge this gap, and promote bilingualism. Regardless of the duration of a program, the student will learn to appreciate, explore and experience a different culture. The most notable difference many exchange students see in themselves is their enhanced confidence, maturity and sense of accomplishment. The development of an international social network will be a valuable, lifelong asset to the student. Not only will they make lifelong friends, but they will also develop a wider awareness of diversity, and a increased personal sensitivity to others. 4.3 Why families agree to host students There are numerous reasons why a family may host a foreign exchange student. I asked a small sample of host families why they had agreed to host a student the reasons were: * The desire to share their country and their culture with another person. * To expose their children to anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Benefits Of Student Exchange Programs990 Words   |  4 Pages An exchange student is a student that leaves his/her country for a foreign one for a year, where she/he usually learns a new language and experiences a new culture. Nowadays, there are more than 35 international exchange programs from which very many high school students benefit. For instance, each year, almost 13000 students travel on American Field Service Intercultural Programs between 65 countries (AFS, 2011). Unfortunately, the number of students who go on exchange is still relatively Read MoreCultural Exchange Classroom : Benefits For Students And Teachers1701 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Exchange in the Classroom: Benefits For Students and Teachers Ideally kids who are expected to become multilingual would be placed in classrooms where a teacher can speak their native language(s) and effectively communicate with the kids and the parents thereby validating the home language. Of course this isn’t always an option, and it surly wasn’t an option for my small town school. However, I believe that if the teachers could have handled the classrooms with a softer touch. By not attachingRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Curtin University802 Words   |  3 PagesThe Exchange Student Program at Curtin University faces a number of problems, but low application numbers are among the most important. Much of the problem appears to stem from communications issues. 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If international students want a perfectRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory And Social Interaction982 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin socializing with us during this time, forcing our exchanges with them and others to become â€Å"trainedâ₠¬ . Building these social relationships requires exchanges that are associated with rewards and costs. Chibucos Leite (2005), believe that in social situations, one will select only those behaviors that increase their chances of meeting egocentricities in social situations. In a relationship, if one sees a relationship as having more benefits than risks, they are more likely not to terminate theRead MoreCase Study At The Burgundy School Of Business1033 Words   |  5 PagesStep 1: Exchange Selection The specific exchange location that we have selected to create a marketing plan for is the Burgundy School of Business in Dijon, France. We have chosen this University for our project for three main reasons. First, this school offers a very diverse range of courses that are not offered at the University of Windsor or any of the other exchange destinations. They offer courses in Wine Management and Wine Business, as well as many other very fascinating courses. SecondRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Exchange Theory was created by researchers John W. Thibaut and Harold H. Kelley, was an attempt to everyday interpersonal relationships. This theory, with backgrounds in sociology and economics, appeals to so many because of it simple answers to human interaction and intentions. The social exchange theory is very rational and considers humans to be rational in every thought they make. It examines human behavior through costs and benefits of being in a particular relationship. The theoryRead MoreEssay about Foreign Exchange1563 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Exchange One of the greatest experiences that a college student can have is that of studying abroad. It is one of the most enlightening experiences one can ever become involved in. It is a wonderful way to learn about another culture. Unfortunately, many of the foreign exchange students at State University have a difficult time interacting with the American students on campus. This lack of interaction is causing all students at State to miss out on a very important experience. AlthoughRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1523 Words   |  7 Pagesoverall progress of the 529 plans and the benefits. The objective of the 529 plans by the Government of United States of America is to provide advantages to the college savers in availing the tax rebates and tax reductions. The educational system is benefiting from these plans and the document provides the analysis of the factors that play their part in the providing the benefit to the sector and the overall economy. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2014), the educational systemRead MoreEco/372 International Trade and Finance Speech Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech International Trade and Finance Speech Foreign exchange rates and International trade are important aspects of economics. The United States macroeconomy’s health is determined by these concepts and their factors. International Trade Exports and imports are what encompass international trade balance. When there are more exports over imports a trade surplus happens and when there are more imports over exports a trade deficit happens. A country will acquire

A Streetcar Named Desire the Importance of Being Earnest

The Importance of being earnest Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Nature of Marriage Marriage is of paramount importance in The Importance of Being Earnest, both as a primary force motivating the plot and as a subject for philosophical speculation and debate. The question of the nature of marriage appears for the first time in the opening dialogue between Algernon and his butler, Lane, and from this point on the subject never disappears for very long. Algernon and Jack discuss the nature of marriage when they dispute briefly about whether a marriage proposal is a matter of â€Å"business† or â€Å"pleasure,† and Lady Bracknell touches on the issue when she states, â€Å"An engagement should†¦show more content†¦In some ways, Algernon, not Jack, is the play’s real hero. Not only is Algernon like Wilde in his dandified, exquisite wit, tastes, and priorities, but he also resembles Wilde to the extent that his fictions and inventions resemble those of an artist. The Importance of Not Being â€Å"Earnest† Earnestness, which implies seriousness or sincerity, is the great enemy of morality in The Importance of Being Earnest. Earnestness can take many forms, including boringness, solemnity, pomposity, complacency, smugness, self-righteousness, and sense of duty, all of which Wilde saw as hallmarks of the Victorian character. When characters in the play use the word serious, they tend to mean â€Å"trivial,† and vice versa. For example, Algernon thinks it â€Å"shallow† for people not to be â€Å"serious† about meals, and Gwendolen believes, â€Å"In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity is the vital thing.† For Wilde, the word earnest comprised two different but related ideas: the notion of false truth and the notion of false morality, or moralism. The moralism of Victorian society—its smugness and pomposity—impels Algernon and Jack to invent fictitious alter egos so as to be able to escape the strictures of propriety and decency. However, what one member of society considers decent or indecent doesn’t always reflect what decency really is. One of the play’s paradoxes is the impossibility of actually being either earnest (meaning â€Å"serious† or â€Å"sincere†) or moral while claiming to be so. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesThe Major of Casterbridge A Doll House The Piano Lesson Ghosts The Playboy of the Western World Great Expectations Romeo and Juliet The Great Gatsby The Scarlet Letter Heart of Darkness Song of Solomon The Importance of Being Earnest 2001: Novelists and playwrights have often seen madness with a â€Å"discerning eye.† Select a novel or play in which a character’s apparent madness or irrational behavior plays an important role. Then write a well-organized essay in which

Corporate Governance and Value Creation

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Value Creation. Answer: Introduction: Nowadays, real estate business has gained global recognition and has attracted the international investors and developers to invest here. It is perceived that corporate governance can improve the reputation of real estate industry by making more professional. Corporate governance focuses on the participants of the market who expect faster reply to the perceptible failures. The report here deals with the organization The Rational Estate Institute of Australia (REIA). REIA operates in the real estate market of the country, which is considered the least ethical (Acharya 2013). The organization provides valuable advice to the government. An experienced team headed by an able CEO manages the governance in REIA (Allen and Carletti 2013). Six-member organizations from different territories constitute REIA. An analysis of the external environment of the organization is also given form an idea about the industry in which the organization operates. A board of directors each from the six-member organization is selected to form the board of directors. The CEO of REIA is Jock Kreitals. An overview about the corporate governance of the organization is also given followed by a critical review of it. Based on the critical review some recommendation is given. Recommendations are mainly guidelines and not prescription to be followed. Reforms in the corporate governance enhance the transparency and increase their score in ethical issue in the Australia economy. Background of REIA and the Real Estate Industry: The Rational Estate Institute of Australia (REIA) is professional organization for the real estate sector of Australia. REIA is not politically aligned and it researches on the matters relating to real estate sector and provides advice to the Federal Government, media, and other members of the real estate sector. It is established in 1924 and it gained reputation as one of the most acceptable source regarding the commercial and residential property markets (Reia.asn.au, 2016). An able CEO along with an experienced team with requisite knowledge and credentials guides the organization towards success. Six members from different territories and state together form the REIA membership. They are Real Estate Institute of ACT, NT, SA, Tas, WA and Vic. The Affiliates Council in NSW is also included among the members of REIA. Approximately 80% of the real estate firms collectively constituted REIA (Reia.asn.au, 2016). REIA operate in the real estate sector of Australia. A PESTLE analysis gives an idea about the macro environment of the industry. Changes in taxes and laws, barriers to trade, demographic changes all constitute the macro-environment of the real estate industry. The political situation of Australia has always been stable which benefits the companies in their business. A stable business environment with skilled and educated labors and a strategic time zone all contributed in the formation of the perfect environment to attract the MNCs. The economic environment is favorable as high property prices increases the demand for rental properties. The economic environments also offers encouraging situation for investment opportunity. The property prices increases by 36.6% and the commercial properties in Perth and Brisbane gives outstanding returns on investment (Allen and Carletti 2013). Pure investment strategies enable investors to purchase off-plan properties at best prices. The social structure in Australia is divided into three statures. They are upper class, working class and middle class. Every class has different purchasing power. The property market delivers according to the purchasing power of each class. Technology leading to innovation r educes cost and enhances quality. Government invested 55% of the funds in research and industry development. The prime minister has created a post to augment science and technology in the industry. The environmental protection act imposed by the government, which will meet the availability and quality of water supply. The legal situation should be stable in which the firm operates. Minimum wage, employment and ethical issues all comes under this legal factors (Barton and Wiseman 2014). Review of REIA governance: REIA governance is compromises of a board of directors who takes strategic decision, and frames policies for the organization. The CEO and the board of directors work together to achieve excellent outcomes for the organization. Jock Kreitals is the CEO of REIA (Reia.asn.au, 2016). The board consists of single representative from each state as nominated by the Real Estate Institute. The president in REIA is Neville Sanders. He has joined the Real Estate Institute of Victoria in 1971 and became a member of REIA board. At present, Neville is in the general manager post of Whittles Australia. Hyden Groves is the deputy president who holds the real estate business after working successfully as sales representatives in a firm for years. Diane Davis is the board director of REIA. She was the former president of Real Estate Institute of Northern territory. She has been serving as Real Estate agent for 22 years. At present, she is now in the position of Branch Operations Manager of Elder Real Estate. Joseph Walton is a professional in the property market. He has experience in sales, retails, commercial leasing, and sales of residential properties and uses his knowledge to attain exemplary standard in all fields of his work. He has served in the government sectors and in charitable institutions. Joseph is a licensed agent in the real estate sector and holds the director post in Allard Shelton Pty Ltd. in Melbourne. Moreover, he is serving as a director in the Real Estate Institute of Victoria. In 2014, Greg Moulton became the CEO in Harris Real Estate. He has played extensive training role in Real Estate Institute. He has earned reputation as an auctioneer and committed himself in the Real Estate Institute. Stan Platishas joined REIA Board Director in 2004 (Reia.asn.au, 2016). He has been in the real estate industry for 19 years and currently holds the position of Board Director of REIACT. He has also received Community Service Award for his outstanding performance in th e Real Estate sector. Christopher Mourd heads Real Estate for LJ Hooker group. The residential networks and the commercial networks of LJ Hooker growth and management is looked after by him. He also has extensive knowledge and experience in international property of Northern America and South Pacific region. Adrian Kelly has served in at the real estate industry of Tasmania. He is among the board of members of Real Estate Institute of Tasmania. At present, he is an Associate in REIA. John Cunningham is highly respected in his profession for his integrity. His philosophy is to build trust in the relationships of business. His innovative approach coupled with his expertise enabled him to set milestone in real estate business. At present, he is in the President position of REINSW (Reia.asn.au, 2016). REIA is mainly concerned about the finance to the agencies of real estate. To expand the span of SMEs in the real estate market in Australia REIA conducted a survey on the real estate agents, which will provide evidence on the impact on the decreasing competition in the financial services in the post global financial crisis period. The survey revealed that the financial sector is unable to understand the requirements of SMEs and grouped them under in a single basket. The main problem was to get access to finance as the official interest rates for SMEs are increased after the worldwide financial crisis (Battistini 2014). To distinguish the relationship that exist between the structure and the ownership pattern of REIA is shown through a figure below.In the figure, the major claimants of the value in REIA are the debt and the equity, holders. Debt holders accept the risk on debt-obligation whereas the equity holders receive the value of the firm and assign the corporate decision to the managers and to the board of directors. Agency association exists within REIA between the management and the employees, depending on the complexities of the company. REIA also have a connection with its stakeholders during the normal course of its operation. These connections are illustrated in the lower half of the organization (Berger, Imbierowicz and Rauch 2016). The management has the power to alter the norms of the business and its relationship with the customers and the suppliers. The ability to make changes depends upon the characteristics of the commodities or services that are being traded. External audit are performed to provide a new viewpoint of the mechanism, which is framed to minimize the agency cost (Neubauer and Lank 2016). Finally, the figure depicts that REIA has a relationship with the social agency that encompasses the responsibilities in terms of good corporate citizen. Recently like other Australian firms, REIA has given recognition to the relationship between corporate governance and the level of performance in a company. The important part of the mechanism of the corporate governance can influence the level of cost of agency. These costs are the ability of the directors to foresee the nature of the management, review and audit the process, the role of large shareholders to incur and monitor cost and the threat to take over the market from corporate control (Boyd 2014). However, the connection between good corporate governance and the level of performance in REIA has received diverse support. The mechanism of corporate governance was designed to form deliver and develop industry-wide framework that could guide REIA and its investors in the real estate market in Australia. Some of the principles, which can be organized in three types are structural, behavioral and disclosure, are given below: To formalize the functions reserved to the board of directors and the management. A majority of the board of directors is independent with a chairperson and the role of the CEO and the chairperson should not be the same person. The organization should have an established set of code to promote responsible and ethical decision in the real estate market. The CEO and the board of directors are required to safeguard the integrity of the company. The organization should have an established written procedures and processes to ensure compliance with the rule of ASX. Disclosure of the requirements is necessary to make certain its accountability to the senior management. The organization should design communication strategies to enhance effective communication and participation at the meetings. To disclose the evaluation of the performance of the board, committees and individual directors and key executives. The organization should give recognition to the legitimate stakeholders. The structural principles assumed that the corporate governance is a matter of performance of the firms goal. The behavioral principles consist of the majority of the recommendations from the ASX council. The disclosure principle outlines REIAs ways of communication with corporate governance to collect information about the stock market (McConnell and Qi 2016). Important policy implication is not expected to change the management and governance of the company all together (Dermine 2013). The key elements of the corporate governance in REIA are: To protect the interest of the investors and which is achieved through a set of provisions. They are clearance of the funding obligations, information on the financial obligation of the company and decision-making process Investors give more importance to the Advisory Committee in terms of reference. Critical Review: The real estate sector played a crucial role in the present economic crisis. The recent crisis, to an extent, is attributed to the governance crisis. In Australia, the real estate sector is considered the least ethical. The real estate is of great importance to the institutional investors. Though theoretically it has been said that organization level of governance is important for investment in equity but evidence reveals that in REIA governance has least influence on its performance (Kohl and Schaefers 2012). The organizational structure of REIA requires fundamental changes in the principal traditional setting. In this constricted setting in which the managers of REIA operate, gives us an interesting way to experiment with the connection between governance and level of performance. Moreover, according to Harrad, Davis and Grissom (2013), corporate governance played a crucial role in the global economic crisis as returns on investment declined. However, according to, investors have s hunned the Asian markets during the beginning of the financial crisis in Asia. To investigate the impact of corporate governance on performance of the company, an analysis on the flow of capital from both residential and institutional investors is analyzed. Results showed that corporate governance affect REIAs performance both during the boom and recession periods. According to Harford (2012), the returns on stock are related directly to the corporate governance structure. Designing an investment strategy needs more time in an organization with high corporate governance compared to an organization with low corporate governance. Investors might not be able to identify the difference between a well-performed and poorly performed governance company but eventually they will be able to do so by paying a premium to the company with good governance (Joseph, Ocasio and McDonnell 2014). Recommendations: Recommendations are like guidelines that are framed to produce positive and effective outcome. Some of the suggestions are: The available information is better accessible. More detail information about the affiliations, independence, policies, share trading and composition of committees. Clarification of the concerned information In the case of foreign investment in Australia, foreigners are required to apply for investment approval prior to the purchase of any residential estate. An established set of information and functions should be reserved to the board of directors. The recommendations are framed to promote several principles, they are: An established entity has a board of directors to manage and evaluate the performance. The board of appropriate size and committed to discharge its duty efficiently. The entity should have a rigorous process to verify and and maintain the integrity of corporate reporting. The entity should have a remuneration structure to attract and retain the directors and executives. The entity should also have an effective risk management framework. Conclusion: In order to improve reputation and increase transparency, REIA uses corporate governance as its main tool. Transparency and professionalism are the main element to control and increase the confidence of the investors. Real estate has been in the foreground during the global financial crisis. In this report, the influence of the structure of corporate governance on the stock returns has been seen. The Rational Estate Institute of Australia (REIA) operates in the real estate market of the country, which is considered the least ethical. The organization provides valuable advice to the government regarding investment related issues. Six-member organizations from different territories form REIA. A PESTLE analysis gives a view on the external environment of the organization and hence, about the industry in which the organization operates. A board of directors each from the six member organizations headed by CEO of REIA, Jock Kreitals forms the board of directors. A view on the corporate go vernance of the organization is given. A critical analysis o the governance of REIA is then given. Based on the critical review recommendations are formed which are mainly guidelines to improve their performance. Reforms in the corporate governance will increase the transparency and will help the company to rise on ethical grounds. References: Acharya, V.V., Gottschalg, O.F., Hahn, M. and Kehoe, C., 2013. Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), pp.368-402. Allen, F. and Carletti, E., 2013. Systemic risk from real estate and macro-prudential regulation.International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance,5(1-2), pp.28-48. Barton, D. and Wiseman, M., 2014. Focusing capital on the long term.Harvard Business Review,92(1/2), pp.44-51. Battistini, L., Burreddu, P., Sartori, A., Arosio, D., Manzoni, L., Paduano, L., DErrico, G., Sala, R., Reia, L., Bonomini, S. and Rassu, G., 2014. Enhancement of the uptake and cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin in cancer cells by novel cRGD-semipeptide-anchoring liposomes.Molecular pharmaceutics,11(7), pp.2280-2293. Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770. Boyd, D., Amidu, A.R. and Smith, M., 2014. Developing a Practice-based Body of Real Estate Knowledge: A Delphi Study.Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education,17(2), pp.139-167. Dermine, J., 2013. Bank corporate governance, beyond the global banking crisis.Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments,22(5), pp.259-281. Erkens, D.H., Hung, M. and Matos, P., 2012. Corporate governance in the 20072008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2), pp.389-411. Haran, M., Davis, P., McCord, M., Grissom, T. and Newell, G., 2013. Equities or real estate? An international evaluation of listed property markets.Journal of European Real Estate Research,6(2), pp.139-162. Harford, J., Mansi, S.A. and Maxwell, W.F., 2012. Corporate governance and firm cash holdings in the US. InCorporate Governance(pp. 107-138). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Joseph, J., Ocasio, W. and McDonnell, M.H., 2014. The structural elaboration of board independence: Executive power, institutional logics, and the adoption of CEO-only board structures in US corporate governance.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1834-1858. Kohl, N. and Schaefers, W., 2012. Corporate governance and market valuation of publicly traded real estate companies: Evidence from Europe.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,44(3), pp.362-393. McCahery, J.A., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T., 2016. Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors.The Journal of Finance. McConnell, J.J. and Qi, Q., 2016. Just Talk CEO Succession Plan Disclosure, Corporate Governance and Firm Value. Mller, R., Turner, J., Andersen, E.S., Shao, J. and Kvalnes, ., 2015. Governance and Ethics in Temporary Organizations: How Corporate Governance Influences the Temporary Organization.Proceedings of the IRNOP, pp.22-24. Neubauer, F. and Lank, A.G., 2016.The family business: Its governance for sustainability. Springer. Rau, J.Y. and Cheng, C.K., 2013. A cost-effective strategy for multi-scale photo-realistic building modeling and web-based 3-D GIS applications in real estate.Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,38, pp.35-44. Reia.asn.au. (2016).REIA | Real Estate Institute of Australia. [online] Available at: https://reia.asn.au/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2016]. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Wang, G.J. and Xie, C., 2015. Correlation structure and dynamics of international real estate securities markets: A network perspective.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,424, pp.176-193.

Laptop vs. Desktop Essays - Classes Of Computers, Personal Computing

Many Americans have a computer at home; the computer could be a Dell, Mac, Apple, or even Macintosh, but still many Americans have either a laptop or a desktop. In this fast-changing world, sometimes people are faced with difficult choices. For instance, a computer has just been kept until it was three years old, now the person is forced to buy a new computer and the question the person is debating on is, ?Should I buy a laptop or a desktop This question is debated more and more every day. Laptops have their benefits, but also the laptop has drawbacks. Many Americans buy laptops rather than desktops because they are portable, laptop parts are proprietary, and the major cost difference between a laptop and a desktop. What intrigues the eye about the laptop is that of course is that laptops are portable and can be taken anywhere. This huge benefit allows people to take their computer to work, on planes, camping trips, and anywhere else. How easy to take a computer that has everything that you need on it anywhere in the world, but every perk has a drawback. Being that the laptop is so portable then this would allow a thief to simply walk away with your computer. Laptops are stolen at an alarming rate, simply just because they are so easy to steal. When a laptop is stolen you lose the computer, but also the valuable data that was stored to the computer. Laptops parts are proprietary; this meaning that if your laptop breaks, only the company that made the laptop will be able to fix the computer. This does not sound too bad right? Every laptop comes with a warranty, depending on the company most warranties last for a year. When the warranty expires the company will be very happy to charge you an expensive price for the service they will provide. But with desktop computers, you are able to take advantage of your local computer store which will often fix the computer at a much more reasonable price. Another drawback to the laptop craze is the most noticeable difference, the price. When looking for a laptop the buyer could easily spend one thousand dollars, or around that area; but for the price of an average laptop the buyer could purchase a more powerful desktop. The price difference with the laptop and the desk top is that you are paying for the laptops option to be portable and indeed much smaller in size. Depending on the buyer some will spend the extra money on the laptop, but others with simply stick with what they know which is the desktop. Americans are in a fast-changing technological world, and feel that the average American has to have the latest gadget. Many Americans now have a laptop or have debated on getting a laptop. One major group of people who purchase the laptops is college students. Often the first year students purchase laptops because they have the idea they will take their computers to class and also they will be able to do their homework anywhere on campus. The reality of this idea is that no college student takes their computer to class, unless instructed, in fear that the laptop will get stolen. While a noble ambition, no one actually carries through with the plan to carry the laptop around. Laptops should be viewed as a luxury item, for instance you would not purchase a car with 4-wheel drive unless you actually had to use that feature, because it would not justify the extra money you spend on the difference; the same with buying a laptop versus the desktop. Many Americans buy laptops rather than d esktops because they are portable, laptop parts are proprietary, and the major cost difference between a laptop and a desktop.

Poverty Essays - Oxnard, California, Oxnard College, Free Essays

Poverty Essays - Oxnard, California, Oxnard College, Free Essays Poverty The Poverty Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health care are major aspects of this world-wide dilemma. Many countries are in complete poverty and the majority are third-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of valuable, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Trying to solve this huge problem of poverty. the United States of America, have developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many people die from starvation. These countries can not afford to support their citizens. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm during cold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases occur all over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Once again with more financial problems, health care is limited to none. T.L Berry English Professor at Oxnard College says poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding and even getting a job. Ability, education, and skills help determine the kind of job an individual gets. That is the matter. Through out our history, people in the United State have valued self reliance, convinced that social standing is mostly a matter of individual talent and effort. This perspective sees society offering plenty of opportunity to anyone able and willing to take advantage of it. The poor are whoever can not or will not work, women and men with fewer skills, less schooling, and little motivation. Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities. Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Through science people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot easier. It has increased the need for professional workers and lowered the demand for the unskilled . So, the people with higher education will get paid a higher income, a nd people with lower education will get paid a lower income. The United States of America, the richest country in the world, has its share of poverty granted, American poverty is no match to third world poverty, but for such a prosperous country it is pretty sad. Most third world countries do not have social security or welfare. So people of those countries have no income to keep themselves going. Even though. America does have both social security and welfare, this country still has many homeless and starving people Example at Ventura county, the place of many wealthy residents live in almost million value properties, but Oxnard is the city of poverty with thousand family on welfare and there are a lot of people still line up everyday at EDD to claim unemployment benefits. The poverty in America will not be solved all at once. Simply creating jobs will not help eliminate poverty because there are some people who are disabled and just can not work. The government social welfare programs help to add income to many people. These people could be the retired, unemployed, disabled, or widowed. In order to help the less fortunate, the people that are employed are taxed to raise money to pay for social security and other benefits. For the higher income workers taxes are higher, and for lower income workers taxes are lower. The United States of America is a land of plenty and America is known for its freedom and advantages. With all these possibilities to succeed, America has its own shame. Sadly enough, poverty has struck this country. The city of poverty is found in a wealthy region called Oxnard city. The economic development of Ventura County is extremely uneven. Things that help these small towns are efforts like Oxnard. A variety of things were done to he lp lower the unemployment rate. One important item is the big industry, like automation, computer, that came into the area. The government has been doing a lot to decrease unemployment. They have been creating government jobs for the people, a program which began in the couple years ago. In fact, they set up work training and help people find jobs at EDD center. There are many big

What are some of the gender implications of the current global Essay

What are some of the gender implications of the current global financial crisis How would a gendered perspective influence responses to the current recession at a global level - Essay Example Mortgage collapse was accelerated by credit default swaps. This led to credit freeze thus limiting investments and consumption leading to insufficient aggregate demand and economic crisis (Seguino, 2009). Governments resorted to bail outs thus cutting expenditure on social services such as; education, health and child care. There were massive job cuts leading to human rights crisis due to mass unrests as a result of economic hardships. This paper is a critique of the gender implications of the crisis and influence of gender perspective on responses to current recession. The current global financial crisis which has transformed into global economic crisis due to credit crunch has affected all people all over the world but the women are the most affected. This is because women are the caregivers at home and to the community and engage in unpaid, informal and volunteer work and mostly work in the services sector. The millennium development goals focus on women’s access to work opportunities, income and resources and hence improve the welfare of children, families, community and promote economic growth (Antonopoulos, 2009). Jobs were thus created in textile sector through export processing zones, tourism and agriculture and also work in public service as social workers. Men on the other hand are involved in masculine jobs such as construction work in public works and are highly paid while females engage in lowly paid jobs. Globalization enhances masculine dominance (Acker, 2004). Due to traditions, women are considered dependent on men thus bene fits such as; social insurance, pensions and welfare benefits are paid through the husband (Elson & Cagatay, 2000). Privatization makes women more dependent on men as women lose public service jobs. The cut in government expenditure on social services has great effect on women. It translates to loss of jobs for women who are concentrated

Nurses Role in Communication of Health Promotion Initiative Assignment

Nurses Role in Communication of Health Promotion Initiative - Assignment Example Also, studies have proved that even though most nurses agree that obesity is a diagnosis that needs intervention, they do not pursue matter with overweight patients (Birse, 1998). Since obese people do not feel free to got the hospital to seek medical intervention and nurses are not fully committed to assist them when they encounter them at the hospital, what could be advocated is a social website that will educate the obese people on how to lose weight. People today tend to express their feeling at the social sites, which are gaining fast recognition (McCarthy, 2009). Hence, having a hospital social site that seeks to assist obese people share their feeling will, without doubt, work. The social site could also mean that nurses will stop worrying about countering obese people in reality and only face them when the matter is critical. It also acts as a cheaper alternative to actual medical

Tutorial Response Essay Example for Free

Tutorial Response Essay Week 6 Referring to Christopher Pierson discussion of Offe’s work, explain the three â€Å"management crises† of the KWS. Offe (1984) points out that the present Keynesian Welfare System is a form of crisis management however within the system are three management crises; the issue of sustaining the funding for the upkeep of the welfare system, then   the issue of administrative willpower; were it battles between providing humane welfare programs and the issue of accountability. Lastly the issue of popular distrust of the states proclivity to help groups who it wants too rather than helping all citizens in need. 2. Marginson discusses ‘market liberals’ (New Right) views on the failures of the KWS and their proposals for addressing them. Explain their views. The market liberals said that KWS failed because the government had too much control over the economy of the country. They felt that too much spending of the government had distorted the market forces of the economy. The full employment logic is damaging to the market since it distorts the truth about unemployment rates but is harmful to the economic market. They have recommended that the government remove all of its regulation laws limiting the business sector. 3. According to Paul Pierson, why has it been difficult for the New Right in the 1970-80s to achieve their retrenchment goals? Although neo-liberals were gaining ground in that period, the retrenchment goals were not fully achieved because although the costs for keeping the welfare system running was too high, it was not possible for the government to reform its welfare programs as it was met with widespread disapproval. Voters were found to be averse of pay cuts and welfare marginalizing than they were of possible equivalent gains if reforms of welfare program was carried out. Week 7 According to Mishra, ‘globalisation is an economic phenomenon driven by politics and ideology’ (p.1). Explain his meaning. Globalisation is an economic force that is brought about by neo-liberal politics and ideology. This means that the neo-liberals have supported free market liberalization and driven by the ideology of minimum government control over the economy of the nation states; the liberal thinkers envisioned a global market. Globalisation extended the capitalism of major countries and city states to the international market where it is less controlled by any national government. 2. According to Kennet, what are the main defining features of the post-KWS economy? The main defining features of post-KWS economy are the decline in manufacturing and assembly lines, increases in service employment, the concentration of economic control by multinational firms and financial institutions, substantial change in the patterns of state interventions and reorientation of the welfare state, the cutting of pay-outs and stricter welfare qualifications. As well as the obsolescence of full employment and the dismissal of Keynesian policies on the economic market. 3. What does she mean by the ‘hollowing out’ of the nation state in relation to economic globalisation? Hollowing out means that due to economic globalisation the nation state have become less of a major player, it implies that the authority of the nation state to govern economic forces have become lesser in contrast to major cities that have taken on world city functions and become centers of economic, social and cultural developments. Moreover, the nation state’s important economic functions and political power to trade and negotiate in the international arena have been lessened or eased out. 4. According to Brietenfeller, what are some of the arguments in favour of economic globalisation? Economic globalisation has led to the increase of prosperity in much of the world, the exchange of goods and services and international capital have encouraged the growth of the business sector, thereby contributing to the growth of the economy in certain countries. With globalisation is also the widespread exchange of technology that has made it possible for countries to trade and market their services and goods unencumbered by state regulations. What problems doe he see arising from it? The greatest problem with economic globalisation is that it encourages stiff competition among a number of countries in terms of labour and capital, thus a country that offers less costs for labour to multinational companies would naturally get the contract, and if multinational companies do not agree with state regulations they can always take their plants to cheaper countries. The end result is that globalisation results in job losses and income inequality. Week8 Downes is a conservative liberal writing in the 1970s. What does he mean by ‘separating the planning and procurement of public services from their production and delivery’? Downes argued that the government should take the role of separating the planning and procurement of public services from their production and delivery. This means that he believes that the government could work more efficiently if it narrows its focus and concentrate on planning and procuring of public services which it does best and then assign the production and delivery of public services to private entities who can do it better and would be more cost efficient to the state. 2. What does Brennan mean by ‘separating steering from rowing’? By steering, Brennan means making policy decisions while rowing is the direct-service delivery of public services. When he says separating steering from rowing, he means that the government should do the steering because it is better and more effective in doing so. The division of these functions would enable the government to concentrate on what they are better at, looking for and raising revenues and planning for social programs that the citizens would benefit from. 3. McGuire discusses contracting out of public services and service delivery contracts for the public sector. To what kinds of developments is she referring? McGuire asserts that contracting out of public services and service delivery contracts for the public sector will answer the need of the government to transition from post Keynesian systems to neoliberalism. She says that contracting will result to competition that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of public service delivery it also defines what services to be delivered and it facilitates the blurring of traditional boundaries between public and private sectors. In what ways can these developments be understood as ‘steering not rowing’ by the state? Neoliberalism calls for the abolishment of government control over the economy, they believe that true economic prosperity depended on a true and free market. By contracting out public services, the government is basically concerned with policy decisions making – steering such as what services should be contracted out, what performance goals to measure etc, while the same act is rowing because the government awards contracts to private groups to deliver public services. How does Harvey characterise neoliberalism? Harvey defines neoliberalism as a political and economic theory that posits that individuals can only attain progress if the state grants its individual citizens the right to entrepreneurial freedom wherein the state must create laws that protect property rights, establish free markets and free trade. Aside from which, neoliberalism does not approve of state intervention and governance over the business sector as well as the encouraging of welfare dependency.   Week 9 According to Ransome, what distinguishes post-Fordism from Fordism? Post-Fordism is characterized by the belief in the sovereign consumer which has the power to dictate the market forces, what the market provides is based on what the consumer wants and needs. It is also seen as the emergence of personalized life-styles and the withdrawal of individuals into their private worlds. On the capitalist side, owners and means of production begun to implement organizational changes to accommodate the changing consumer profile. According to Ransome, what is the link between the flexible firm, flexible production, and the core-periphery structure of the labour force? Flexible firms are capitalist enterprises that are structured to accommodate organizational changes and production methods around the model of flexible specialization, wherein it can change the size of the workforce, redeployed to different tasks to meet the changes of consumer demands which are accommodated by the retaining of highly skilled workers (core) and transiently employed workers (periphery). Flexible production is the availability of new production methods and the ability to produce specialized goods by flexible firms. 3. According to Walters, what is the significance of neo-liberal notions of the `active society` to labour market policy? The active society seeks to make all individuals workers. It is thought of as a solution to the problem of the welfare state. In the welfare state, those who are on welfare are called inactive and contribute to the shortage of labour. If all individuals capable of getting paid work will be available in the market labour then there will be less need for state policies to protect or serve workers. Active individuals would lead to faster economic opportunity and combat poverty. What concerns does Combet raise in relation to the current Federal Governments ‘workplace agenda’? Combet argues that the workplace agenda is a radical plan that will strip every Australian worker the right to join unions and to collectively bargain with management to improve worker welfare. Then it also removes any protection from unfair dismissal without any right to representation. The plan also proposes to abolish the no disadvantage test and replace it with streamlined conditions that is a disadvantage for every worker. According to Leonard, what is the difference between Fordism and Post-Fordism? Leonard says that Fordism is a period where technological innovation was minimal, organizations were bureaucratic in structure, and workers joined mass unions and wage bargaining was centralized and welfare was standardized for all; as such it was a period wherein everyone thought and was treated alike. Post-Fordism on the other hand is a direct opposite of Fordism although it leaned more to the development of individual choices, specialization and independent thinking. Week 10 1. According to Williams, what is the main features neo-liberal of public sector reform? Neoliberals argue that government spending on welfare programs is too excessive and hence should be regulated. Any reform to the public sector should include cutting public spending and taxes, government should sell its business enterprises to private corporations, contracting out the delivery of services, creating markets out of monopolistic public or private industries and deregulating industries.   This would enable the government to focus more on what it should essentially do. 2. Williams refers to the ‘responsibilisation of individuals as market players’(p.250). What does he mean and why does he consider it a problem? Responsibilisation of individuals as market players to Williams mean that citizens of the state now become individualistic in their pursuit of needs and interests in a state that is structured as a marketplace. The problem with this is it encourages the rich to resort to arrangements beneficial to themselves and to disregard any obligation for the collective good. The poor however have no choice and have to contend to what is available to them. 3. According to Mendes, what are the five main concerns neoliberals hold regarding the welfare state? The main concerns of neoliberals regarding the welfare state is that the welfare state is captured by interest groups for their own purpose, it also deregulates the labour market since it preserves minimum wages and deny disadvantaged workers access to jobs. It also encourages welfare dependency, it also does not make any distinction between the undeserving and deserving poor and it reduced private individual’s ability to contribute to charities of their own choice. Rodger suggests there is a ‘new moral economy of welfare’. What does he mean by this? According to Rodger, the new moral economy of welfare means that individuals rather than society will carry the primary obligation to meet their own welfare needs in the future. He acknowledges that there is a relationship between the complex institutional provisions of health and welfare in contemporary society and the nature of social consciousness. The moral fabric of welfare will then be concentrated on preparing individuals to provide themselves with a comfortable future.   Week 11 Moss argues that the Mutual Obligation Scheme is morally flawed because ‘the unemployed have little choice about their contract’ and ‘there is insufficiently mutuality shown towards the unemployed’, and that the Scheme is accordingly ‘essentially punitive’. 1. According to Moss, what is the Mutual Obligation Scheme and what is new about it? The Mutual Obligation Scheme is based on the premise that those who depend on the community for long periods should give something back to the community that supports them. It is also made up of the Work for the Dole 2000 which refers to the obligations of the unemployed in terms of what they can give back in exchange of the help they were receiving like providing services to the local community. 2. What is the moral basis of Moss’s argument? Moss argues that receiving welfare and being obligated to give something in exchange for it is not morally binding. Those on welfare are there because they cannot find work through no fault of their own. Welfare is supposed to be a service that the state owes it citizens and should not be dealt with as a business and hence it is not obligation binding. The title of Mendes’s article is the phrase: ‘Blaming the Victim: the new assault on welfare state’. 3. What does this phrase mean? The phrase means that the reforms on the welfare state were designed to abolish the services that assist the less fortunate and able because it punishes the victims of poverty and disadvantaged for their own fate and to deprive them of the right to assistance. The welfare state existed because of poor people who are lazy and are blamed for the excessive spending of the state which should have been channeled to more necessary services. What evidence does Mendes provide? Mendes have cited a number of evidences that have led him to believe that the poor is blamed for the welfare state. There is the published critique of the welfare state by the New Right; there is the dob in a dole bludger campaign which in essence denigrates the poor with its reference to dole. Those who are unemployed are also forced to keep a dole diary and a review of the Young Homeless Allowance.   Week 12 Llewellen states that the Third World has been created – it is ‘in no way primal or natural’. What is the basis of his argument? Llewellwn states that the Third World is not a natural occurrence; it is a label developed by the First World to designate underdeveloped countries as such. But this designation is a function more of its place in relation to the First world rather than a natural occurrence. Third world countries are underdeveloped because they do not have the same technological advancements as the First world. Third Worldism evolved out of the military, political and economic expansion of the First worlds. 2. Hoogvelt argues that economic globalisation is another phase of the imperialist exploitation of the Third World by the ‘advanced’ world (western/industrialised nations). Explain the basis of her argument. Hoogvelt says that economic globalisation had allowed the advanced world to manipulate the economy of third worlds by imposing on them measures that are beneficial to the first world, the labour divisions that limited the Third world into providing the raw materials, producing and exporting unprocessed commodities to the first world, the profits that the first world gets out from technological rents and the global expansion of capitalists to third worlds are all imperialistic in nature. 3. Amin argues that most discourses of contemporary (economic) globalisation present this phenomenon as a kind of `natural law, thus marginalising any understanding of the social, political and economic factors which bring it into being’. Briefly outline the major points of Amin`s argument. Globalisation accordingly has been perceived as a natural law thereby it has taken off as a natural occurrence. It is a phenomenon that has been brought about by the interdependence of contemporary societies that allowed the deploying of economic dimensions on a world scale. It is founded on historical social compromises between nations and defined within the framework of political states, those who have greater power and resources control the global market. Brietenfeller argues in favour of ‘global unionism’. What difficulties stand in the way of workers ‘solidarity’ between North (west/industrialised) and South (Third World/developing) unions? Global unionism has been sought by many as an answer to the inequality of the conditions and wages of workers all over the world. But there has been strong opposition against the international worker organizations because states fear that it would lead to trade union imperialism, hence policies and reforms to recognize them have been ignored by the state. Factional differences within the group also exist and limit their collective representation in the world trade. Week 13 1. Referring to Esping-Anderson (2002) and Perkins, Nelms and Smyth (2005): Explain ‘social investment’ in your own words. Social investment is a concept that encompasses the states responsibility to invest in its human resources. It is seen that in order for the state to gain economic progress it has to design and give services that would benefit its human capital. It means that the government provide for the education, training and protection of its citizens that would prepare them to participate in the labour market. Social investment would also necessitate the drawing up of social policies that would prioritize government spending on programs and services that will generate the best outcome for the economy and society; like making sure that roads and facilities that would enable the exchange of goods and trades are well kept and in excellent condition. 2. Esping-Anderson suggests that ‘social justice’ should be an important facet of ‘social investment’. What is the proposed moral basis of ‘social investment’ to which Esping-Anderson refers? Social justice is the moral basis of social investment; it means that any action directed towards developing the state’s human capital should conform to the normative definition of justice of the culture. Hence providing opportunities for education and training to enable its citizen to participate in the labour market should be founded on equal opportunities, wherein anything that is beneficial to some should be beneficial to all. The state should also develop life skills for all kinds of people, basic social services should be rooted on the principle of equality and justice. However, priority should be given to those who are the weakest in the state and their welfare would be safeguarded. Social justice also dictates the rules for making choices and selecting priorities on what form of social investment should be given like a the need for having a healthy and educated workforce would take precedence over the need for developing cultural awareness. References Pearson, C. 1998. Beyond the Welfare State, 2nd, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 56-81 Marginson, S. 1997. Educating Australia. Government, Economy and Citizen since 1960, Oakleigh, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 73-81 Pierson, P. 1996. Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment, Cambridge University Press: Melbourne. Pp. 1-9 Mishra, R. 1999. Globalisation and the Welfare State, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Pp. 1-16 Kennett, P. 2001. Comparative Social Policy, Buckingham: Open University Press. Pp. 26-29. Brietenfeller, A. 1997. ‘Global Unionism: A potential player’. International Labour Review, Winter 136:4. Pp. 533-37 Downes, A. 1998. ‘Separating the planning and procurement of public services from their production and delivery’, in Anthony Downes ed. Political Theory and Public Choice, Cheltenham UK: Edward Elgar. [first published 1976]. [4 pages] Brennan, D. 1998. ‘Government and civil society’, in P. Smyth and B. Cass eds. Contesting the Australian Way, Oakleigh, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 127-137 McGuire, L. 1997. ‘Service delivery contracts; quality for clients, customers and citizens,’ in G. Davis, B. Sullivan and A. Yeatman eds. The New Contractualism, Centre for Public Centre   Management, Griffith University, Queensland. Pp. 102-118. Harvey, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Pp. 1-3, 64-67. Ransome, P. 1999. Sociology and the Future of Work. Contemporary Discourses and Debates, Sydney: Ashgate. Pp. 66-74. Leonard, P. 1997. Postmodern Welfare, London. Sage. Pp. 119-127 Walters, W. 1997. ‘The â€Å"active society†: new designs for social policy’, Policy and Politics, 25(3): 221-34. Pp. 224-31. Combet, G. 2005. ‘Whose Choices? Analysis of the Current Industrial Relations â€Å"Reforms†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 56:243-253. Pp. 243-253. Williams, C. 1996. ‘Reinventing’ the welfare state: neo-liberalism and beyond’, in A. McMahon, J. Thomson, and C. Williams eds. Understanding the Australian Welfare State: Key Documents and Themes, Croydon, Victoria: Macmillan. Pp. 248-261. Mendes, P. 2000. Australia’s Welfare Wars: the Players, the Politics and the Ideologies, UNSW Press. Pp. 37-49. Rodger, J. 2000. From a Welfare State to a Welfare Society, London: Macmillan. Pp. 3-10. Moss, J. 2001. ‘The ethics and politics of mutual obligation’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 36(1): 1-14. Pp. 1-14. Mendes, P. 2001. ‘Blaming the messenger: The media, social workers and child abuse’, Australian Social Work. 54(2):27-36. Pp. 27-36. Mendes, P. 1997. ‘Blaming the victim: the new assault on the welfare state’, Journal of Economic Social Policy, 2(1):41-53. Pp.41-53. Gardner, F. 2006. ‘Current Issues and Prospects’, Chapter One in Working with Human Services Organisations, South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Pp. 3-13. Lewellen, T.C. 1995. Dependency and Development. An Introduction to the Third World, London: Bergin and Garvey. Pp. 19-25. Hoogvelt, A. 2001. Globalisation and the Postcolonial World. The New Political Economy of Development, 2nd, Hampshire UK: Palgrave. Pp. 29-34, 43-47. Amin, S. 1999. ‘Capitalism, imperialism, globalisation’, in R. M. Chilcoate ed. The Political Economy of Imperialism: Critical Appraisals, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pp. 157-67. Brietenfeller, A. 1997. ‘Global unionism: A potential player’. International Labour Review, 136(4):531-555. 543-44, Pp. 549-51. Esping-Anderson, Gosta 2002. Why we Need a New Welfare State. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Perkins, Daniel, Lucy Nelms and Paul Smyth. 2005. ‘Beyond neo-liberalism: the social investment state?’ Just Policy, 38:35-40.

Comparing the Symbology and Imagery in T. S. Eliot’s Poetry Essay

In the poems â€Å"The Love Song by J. Alfred Prufrock,† written in 1910, published in 1915, and â€Å"Rhapsody on a Windy Night,† written in 1917, both of which were written by poet and literary-critic T. S. Eliot, the symbolism and imagery of the women represented in mythological means, the locations and landscapes that both protagonists wander through or plan on going to, and the nature that is used in both poems are very similar, yet uniquely different. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† is about a man with low self-confidence worrying about going to a party in the evening where he is sure that the women there with reject and ridicule him; â€Å"Rhapsody on a Windy Night† is about a man wandering his way back in the early hours of the morning to the place where he is staying. In â€Å"Rhapsody†¦,† the moon is featured as a forgiving woman, one who will not hold a grudge and gentles and watches over everything. She appears as a lonely woman, almost as one whose lover has left her holding and twisting a â€Å"paper rose that smells of dust and eau de Cologne† (Eliot 31). At the end of â€Å"The Love Song†¦,† the women are represented as mermaids, sea-girls. They put the men under a spell, for lack of a better word, â€Å"We have lingered in the chambers of the sea/ By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown/ Till human voices wake us, and we drown.† The last line makes them seem like Sirens. In both poems the women are featured in strong mythological terms. Mythology, legends, etc. have always appealed to the senses. They are timeless, and involve adventure, romance, magic, loyalty, betrayal, wars, and mystery, all of which are qualities that strongly appeal to our senses, while also being riddled with symbol s and hidden meanings (Melinda-Landa... ...Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. New York: Avon , 1972. Print. Daly, Kathleen N., and Marian Rengel. "A-to-Z Entries." Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z. New York: Facts On File, 2004. Print Eliot, T. S., and Peter Washington. â€Å"Prufrock and Other Observations.† Eliot: Poems and Prose. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1998. 13-19, 29-32. Print. Hanegraaff, Wouter J. "The Nature of Reality." New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. Albany, NY: State University of New York, 1998. 154. Print. Hard, Robin, and H. J. Rose. "The Younger Olympian Gods and Goddesses." The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology" London: Routledge, 2004. 187. Print Homer. "Book Twelve." The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Eagles. London: Penguin Group, 1996. Print.

Mini Marketing Plan- Organic Food Essay

I. Executive Summery Sunny Farm Organic Food Company is a small start-up company which is located in Dalian and now mainly focuses on the market of Northeast China. Sunny Farm sells many kinds of organic food which include grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy, spices, tea, and animal products. Nowadays, organic food’s share of food market is low, but it has a huge potential for development. How to compete and how to gain competitive advantage in this emerging market become the biggest challenges to the company. The primary marketing objectives are to improve the market channel, which can help goods flow more smoothly and reach more audience, and to maintain a good relationship with customers. Since Sunny Farm engaged in food market, which is indispensible in daily life, it is currently considered a business-to-customer marketer. The plan calls for Sunny Farm to engage and capture 20 percent of the Northeast China (three provinces) organic food market. II. Environmental Analysis Sunny Farm Organic Food was founded two years ago by entrepreneurs Calais Chen and Lizzie Zhang. Sunny Farm’s products reflect Calais’s and Lizzie’s passion for high-quality food and those products catch up with the trend of green life. Sunny Farm now has many counters in supermarkets and food shops of main cities, Northeast China. A. The Marketing Environment 1. Competitive forces. The competition in organic food is relative weak in northeastern region compared to middle and southern regions because only a few competitors exist. The competition within the food industry is intense but still, it’s a market with great potential. Ordinary food is the primary competitor and also the leader; it takes up more than 90percent of market share due to its lower price and mass production. And the less than 10percent market is divided among the existing firms. However, the new industry is developing and full of vigor, more and more competitors are expected to enter the market in the near future. 2. Economic forces. The whole economy environment is quite well. The former economic crisis had little impact on northeast China. People have more money to spend to live a higher standard life. Organic food may be a good choice. Even though its price is at least 30percent higher than same kind ordinary food, it has many incomparable advantages. Recent years, with the change in people’s concept of consumption, they are much more willingly to spend money related to health. 3. Political forces. No. 4. Legal and regulatory forces. In recent years, more attention has been paid to food safety due to negative news. Much legislation has been published to cope with such problems. However, the restrictions put on organic food is much strict than those put on ordinary food. COFCC (China Organic Food Certification Center) is responsible for certification, management, and inspection of organic food, supports for fostering organic food market. 5. Technological forces. Organic food is strong dependent on environment – soil, weather, sunlight, and artificial intervention. The quality of organic food is not as stable as mass produced industrial production.. A major emerging technological trend involves ecological agriculture model, which includes ecological farming, contract farming, food processing, clean energy, organic fertilizer, etc. 6. Sociocultural forces. In today’s society, people earn more and concern more about higher standard of living. Organic food starts getting popular and that fits an overall trend among middle-class Chinese toward buying high-quality products with greater nutritional value and better taste. Organic food also fits in other societal trends: a good choice of giving presents and the need of substantial development, for example. B. Target Market(s) As a company which has an advantage in the location, Sunny Farm must adapt to change and market dynamics, segment the market, enforce deep-processing and high-processing to satisfy the needs of personalized market. First of all, we should recognize who are willing to buy such expensive food, love to eat the foods, and take delight in talking about the foods at this stage. Nowadays, women take the responsibility for purchasing family food in most families and they dominant where does the market go. However, we divided organic food’s target market into women, children, vegetarian, elderly people, and gift markets. In these segmentations, women still play an important role because it’s women who usually buy food for children or elderly people. C. Current Marketing Objectives and Performance Sunny Farm’s main distribution channel is retailers, which include supermarkets and food shops. Currently, most of our customers learn our products by advertisements on local websites, magazines, or foretaste of our product on the counter. Sunny Farm offers discounts to members who buy products in the long-term. Customer relationship is crucial because customer has the publicity effect that advertisements couldn’t match. Most women are glad to share shopping and life experience; we found that part of our customers is introduced by friends or colleagues who bought our products. The company collects cash from retailers monthly and implements cash on delivery to online-ordered customers, thus our company has good control over cash flow currently. Sunny Farm takes up 10 percent of organic food market now and desires to double it in the following two years. Higher revenues and profits can help company improve products and services, thus attract more potential customers. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths 1. Sunny Farm Organic Food Company is located in Dalian, with organic farms in all three provinces, where have the most appropriate weather for plants/ fowls to grow (Three River Plain and Songnen Plain). Goods are delivered directly from farms to supermarkets, food shops, or customers to minimize pollution. 2. Organic food of our company has a high level of safety and quality. Pesticide, chemical fertilizers are strictly forbid to ensure its purity. Organic food will be prevailing in the food market in the foreseeable future. 3. Sunny Farm has a website that is designed concise and convenient. Online-ordered products could be sent within 8 hours within urban areas. The operation to order is very easy and we also offer telephone ordering. 4. Sunny Farm opens several of its organic farms to customers. Customers can have a deeper acknowledge of our products by seeing how we produce. B. Weaknesses 1. Organic food is prohibiting from addition of preservative, which gives Sunny Farm a great challenge to transportation because the freshness is very important for food. 2. The Sunny Farm’s food has higher price for is high cost which includes scientific research, transportation expense. The extremely strict regulation forced us to be accurate during the whole producing process. 3. Most of our foods are not as good-looking as those which contain many pesticides, fertilizer, and growth regulating hormone. Organic fruits and vegetables may have worm stings and smaller than ordinary ones. C. Opportunities 1. Organic food is gaining recognition from customers because increasing number of people is now aware of the importance of environmental protection. Recent issues of food safety, including melamine-tainted milk, tonyred egg, and clenbuterol pork, deepen consumer’s interest in organic food also. 2. Sunny Farm has already have 10percent of market share and those customers are precious. They can help company explore new customer resources. 3. Imported organic food is very expensive and many customers buy them before China’s local market has been developed. Sunny Farm’s products are not losing to imported food. D. Threats 1. Many customers choose vitamin pills or albumen powder to add nutrition to diet. These goods are easy to carry and have longer shelf life. 2. The cost of many links in the production chain is increasing, varying from production, collection, storage, to package. 3. Recent years, the cultivated area is decreasing sharply. Organic farms need enough lands to produce because they have to be far away from polluting factories. E. Matching Strength to Opportunities/ Converting Weaknesses and Threats 1. To maintain a desirable profit, Sunny Farm puts substantial effort on scientific research and helps company be more efficient. Price is an important criterion for customers. 2. Based on existing customers, who have a fine opinion of Sunny Farm’s product, we can explore potential customers to earn greater share of markets. 3. Sunny Farm plans to develop new product to meet with the changing needs with customers. For example, further process fruits/vegetables into dried one and satisfied the needs of office lady. IV. Marketing Objectives Sunny Farm Organic Food Company is in the business of helping people live a greener and healthier life. It has to overcome increasing cost and continue to improve the quality. Sunny Farm’s objective is to capture 20 percent of market share in the following two years and to have 80 percent of its customers indicate that they love the product and are willing to buy again. The following two years is extremely important for Sunny Farm’s future development. To accomplish the objective, we have more to do with scientific research to minimize producing cost, and improve the distribution channel to eliminate inefficient transportation. At the same time, we should increase sales by holding a public relations activity, and do sales promotions weekly in supermarkets. A good way to promote is to make our products more outstanding in the supermarket; sales force could negotiate with supermarket officials. Another good way is to contact an opinion leader and persuasive him/ her to give positive statement to our products. V. Marketing Strategies A. Target Market(s) Target Market 1: pregnant women. Their bodies are very sensitive to artificial chemicals and organic foods are safe and nutritious that would be great to help them go through the pregnant period and have healthy babies. Target Market 2: children. They are the hopes of family, parents and grandparents always try their best to afford a better living environment. The quality of food directly affects the children’s living quality and physical development. Target Market 3: young lady. Most Chinese young ladies are focus on whitening, losing weight, and they would spend much money on them. Organic product is natural and helps body eliminate toxicant. Target Market 4: gift market. Sunny Farm offers boxes loaded products which are aim at gift market. Organic food is the new trend. They are environmental-friendly and taste that donors will have â€Å"face† and recipients will feel novel. B. Marketing Mix 1. Products. Sunny Farm sells many kinds of organic food: grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy, spices, tea, and animal products. At the same time, Sunny Farm sells the idea of green life and sustainable development. 2. Price. Sunny Farm charges a comparative high price for is high-quality products. Our products worth that much. Once customers become aware of and experience the benefits of organic food, they would be generous to purchase. 3. Distribution. Sunny Farm use dual distribution. Customers can buy products from retailers like supermarkets and food shop and they can also order product online. (SunnyFarm. com. cn) 4. Promotion. Currently about 50 percent of customers reorder each month. Sunny Farm sent text messages or email to members monthly and members could accumulate points by buying product and redeem gifts in the year end. We should make sure that our new products can get enough attention. Holding a public relations activity is helpful. VI. Marketing Implementation A. Marketing Organization Sunny Farm is a customer-centered company and focuses its marketing efforts on satisfying customer’s needs. The company mainly has three teams: research team, sales team, and promotion team. Research team is responsible for uncovering new needs and develops new products. Also, this team should adjust existing system according to customers’ feedback. Sales force is responsible for increasing sales; they mainly focus on negotiation with market officials and shopkeepers. Promotion team is responsible for advertising and deals with customer relationship. Sunny Farm is a harmonious company. B. Activities, Responsibility, and Timetables for Completion All implementation activities begin at the start of 2013. By March 31, develop Customer Relationship Management. By April 30, survey existing customers and members to get more information and analyze the results. By June 31, start to contact with new customer for the current products. By August 31, develop a new product according to the former survey. By December 30, develop a plan that adjust the system and minimize unnecessary costs base on the yearly performance. VII. Evaluation and Control A. Performance Standards and Financial Controls A comparison between budget and actual expenditures will be included in the project report. The following performance standards and financial controls are suggested: The administrative expense should not greater than 5 percent of total expenditure. Each team is responsible for its own purpose as well as the common goal of company. Each team report financial expenditures quarterly of their project. The sales of new products will be evaluated to determine its future prospect. Cash flow should always be smooth. B. Monitoring Procedures A comparison between Sunny Farm’s actual performance and company’s objective is important to evaluate effectiveness. Following are monitoring procedures: Monitor click throughs, web page visits, and time spent on SunnyFarm. com. cn. to evaluate the online service. Monitor the effectiveness of member programs by assigning unique, customer-specific codes to each membership card. Track their buying. Compare budgeted and actual expense monthly within each team and company evaluates each team and the team director.